Networking Fundamentals: Switching, VLANs & Firewalls
The essentials of a reliable, secure business network.
Layer 2 and Layer 3
Layer 2 switches forward traffic within a network segment. Layer 3 devices route traffic between segments. Larger networks usually combine both.
Why use VLANs
VLANs split one physical network into separate logical networks, for example staff, guests, servers and cameras. This limits how far a problem can spread and improves performance.
Role of the firewall
A firewall controls what traffic enters and leaves each network. Next-generation firewalls add application awareness, intrusion prevention and VPN.
Wi-Fi
Plan coverage with a site survey and avoid relying on a single access point. Use WPA3 or WPA2-Enterprise where possible.
Document it
A current network diagram and a list of VLANs and IP ranges save hours during troubleshooting.
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